Table of contents
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of some of the pages of this manual.
Chapter 1: Structuring scientific papers and technical reports 1
1.1 The overall structure 2
1.2 Choosing the title 4
1.3 The abstract of a scientific paper 7
1.4 The executive summary of a technical report 9
1.5 The introduction (or background) 12
1.6 Methods 14
1.7 Results (or findings) 16
1.8 Discussion 17
1.9 Conclusions 18
1.10 Recommendations 19
1.11 Acknowledgements 20
1.12 References 20
1.13 Appendices 20
Chapter 2: General strategies for clearer writing 22
2.1 Use analogies and context 23
2.2 Be precise 25
2.3 Personal pronouns in scientific writing 26
2.4 Emotion 27
Chapter 3: Plain English 28
3.1 What is it? 29
3.2 Use one word, not several 30
3.3 Avoid pompous, pretentious writing 33
3.4 Eliminate buzzwords and unnecessary jargon 35
3.5 Use short sentences 38
3.6 Use short paragraphs 39
3.7 Use the active voice 41
3.8 Tone: personal pronouns and contractions 43
3.9 Latin has to go: avoiding i.e. and e.g. 45
Chapter 4: Referencing 47
4.1 Why reference? 48
4.2 Different referencing styles 48
4.3 Simple references 49
4.4 Page and volume numbers 49
4.5 Initials 50
4.6 Multiple references 51
4.7 Multiple authors 51
4.8 No stated author 52
4.9 Unpublished material 52
4.10 Ambiguously dated works 53
4.11 The reference list or bibliography 53
4.12 General principles 54
4.13 References to books 55
4.14 References to periodicals 58
4.15 References to newspapers 59
4.16 References to web pages 60
Chapter 5: Captions and tables 61
5.1 Captions 62
5.2 Formatting tables 63
Chapter 6: Writing numbers 65
6.1 Writing large numbers 66
6.2 Writing spans 68
6.3 Writing dates 68
6.4 Writing times 69
6.5 Writing numbers as words 69
Chapter 7: Units of measurement 71
7.1 Writing units of measurement 72
7.2 Metric units 73
7.3 Metric prefixes 74
7.4 Case sensitivity 75
Bibliography 77
Downloadable books from Scribe Consulting 78
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